What law primarily addresses patient privacy and the protection of health information?

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, commonly known as HIPAA, is the law that primarily addresses patient privacy and the protection of health information. Enacted in 1996, HIPAA sets national standards for protecting the privacy and security of individuals' medical records and other personal health information. It established rules that healthcare providers, health plans, and other entities must follow to ensure the confidentiality of patient information, thus safeguarding against unauthorized access and breaches.

HIPAA encompasses regulations related to the privacy of health information, the security measures required to protect this information, and the patients' rights regarding their own health data. This includes the right to access their health records and control who can view their information.

The other options presented, while related to healthcare legislation, do not specifically focus on privacy and protection of health information in the same comprehensive manner. For instance, the Federal Health Insurance Portability Act is not a standalone law but rather a part of HIPAA emphasizing the portability aspects. The Patient Safety Movement Act pertains to patient safety practices rather than privacy issues. The Affordable Care Act primarily deals with health insurance coverage and access rather than privacy protections. Therefore, HIPAA is unequivocally the correct answer for addressing patient privacy and the protection of health information.